5.x API

const router = express.Router([options])

fn(res, path, stat)

const options = {
  dotfiles: 'ignore',
  etag: false,
  extensions: ['htm', 'html'],
  index: false,
  maxAge: '1d',
  redirect: false,
  setHeaders (res, path, stat) {
    res.set('x-timestamp', Date.now())
  }
}

app.use(express.static('public', options))

console.dir(app.locals.title)
// => 'My App'

console.dir(app.locals.email)
// => '[email protected]'

app.locals.title = 'My App'
app.locals.strftime = require('strftime')
app.locals.email = '[email protected]'

const express = require('express')

const app = express() // the main app
const admin = express() // the sub app

admin.get('/', (req, res) => {
  console.log(admin.mountpath) // /admin
  res.send('Admin Homepage')
})

app.use('/admin', admin) // mount the sub app

const admin = express()

admin.get('/', (req, res) => {
  console.log(admin.mountpath) // [ '/adm{*splat}n', '/manager' ]
  res.send('Admin Homepage')
})

const secret = express()
secret.get('/', (req, res) => {
  console.log(secret.mountpath) // /secr{*splat}t
  res.send('Admin Secret')
})

admin.use('/secr{*splat}t', secret) // load the 'secret' router on '/secr{*splat}t', on the 'admin' sub app
app.use(['/adm{*splat}n', '/manager'], admin) // load the 'admin' router on '/adm{*splat}n' and '/manager', on the parent app

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const router = app.router

router.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('hello world')
})

app.listen(3000)

const admin = express()

admin.on('mount', (parent) => {
  console.log('Admin Mounted')
  console.log(parent) // refers to the parent app
})

admin.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('Admin Homepage')
})

app.use('/admin', admin)

app.all('/secret', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Accessing the secret section ...')
  next() // pass control to the next handler
})

app.all('{*splat}', requireAuthentication, loadUser)

app.all('{*splat}', requireAuthentication)
app.all('{*splat}', loadUser)

app.all('/api/{*splat}', requireAuthentication)

app.delete('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('DELETE request to homepage')
})

app.disable('trust proxy')
app.get('trust proxy')
// => false

app.disabled('trust proxy')
// => true

app.enable('trust proxy')
app.disabled('trust proxy')
// => false

app.enable('trust proxy')
app.get('trust proxy')
// => true

app.enabled('trust proxy')
// => false

app.enable('trust proxy')
app.enabled('trust proxy')
// => true

app.engine('pug', require('pug').__express)

app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile)

const engines = require('consolidate')
app.engine('haml', engines.haml)
app.engine('html', engines.hogan)

app.get('title')
// => undefined

app.set('title', 'My Site')
app.get('title')
// => "My Site"

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('GET request to homepage')
})

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
app.listen('/tmp/sock')

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
app.listen(3000)

const express = require('express')
const https = require('https')
const http = require('http')
const app = express()

http.createServer(app).listen(80)
https.createServer(options, app).listen(443)

app.listen = function () {
  const server = http.createServer(this)
  return server.listen.apply(server, arguments)
}

app.param('user', (req, res, next, id) => {
  // try to get the user details from the User model and attach it to the request object
  User.find(id, (err, user) => {
    if (err) {
      next(err)
    } else if (user) {
      req.user = user
      next()
    } else {
      next(new Error('failed to load user'))
    }
  })
})

app.param('id', (req, res, next, id) => {
  console.log('CALLED ONLY ONCE')
  next()
})

app.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('although this matches')
  next()
})

app.get('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
  console.log('and this matches too')
  res.end()
})

app.param(['id', 'page'], (req, res, next, value) => {
  console.log('CALLED ONLY ONCE with', value)
  next()
})

app.get('/user/:id/:page', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('although this matches')
  next()
})

app.get('/user/:id/:page', (req, res) => {
  console.log('and this matches too')
  res.end()
})

const app = express()
const blog = express()
const blogAdmin = express()

app.use('/blog', blog)
blog.use('/admin', blogAdmin)

console.log(app.path()) // ''
console.log(blog.path()) // '/blog'
console.log(blogAdmin.path()) // '/blog/admin'

app.post('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('POST request to homepage')
})

app.put('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('PUT request to homepage')
})

app.render('email', (err, html) => {
  // ...
})

app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, (err, html) => {
  // ...
})

const app = express()

app.route('/events')
  .all((req, res, next) => {
    // runs for all HTTP verbs first
    // think of it as route specific middleware!
  })
  .get((req, res, next) => {
    res.json({})
  })
  .post((req, res, next) => {
    // maybe add a new event...
  })

app.set('title', 'My Site')
app.get('title') // "My Site"

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Time: %d', Date.now())
  next()
})

// this middleware will not allow the request to go beyond it
app.use((req, res, next) => {
  res.send('Hello World')
})

// requests will never reach this route
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('Welcome')
})

app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  console.error(err.stack)
  res.status(500).send('Something broke!')
})

// GET /style.css etc
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))

// GET /static/style.css etc.
app.use('/static', express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))

app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
app.use(logger())

app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'files')))
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'uploads')))

// index.js
app.get('/viewdirectory', require('./mymiddleware.js'))

// mymiddleware.js
module.exports = (req, res) => {
  res.send(`The views directory is ${req.app.get('views')}`)
}

const greet = express.Router()

greet.get('/jp', (req, res) => {
  console.log(req.baseUrl) // /greet
  res.send('Konichiwa!')
})

app.use('/greet', greet) // load the router on '/greet'

app.use(['/gre:"param"t', '/hel{l}o'], greet) // load the router on '/gre:"param"t' and '/hel{l}o'

const express = require('express')

const app = express()

app.use(express.json()) // for parsing application/json
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })) // for parsing application/x-www-form-urlencoded

app.post('/profile', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log(req.body)
  res.json(req.body)
})

// Cookie: name=tj
console.dir(req.cookies.name)
// => "tj"

console.dir(req.fresh)
// => true

// Host: "example.com:3000"
console.dir(req.host)
// => 'example.com:3000'

// Host: "[::1]:3000"
console.dir(req.host)
// => '[::1]:3000'

// Host: "example.com:3000"
console.dir(req.hostname)
// => 'example.com'

console.dir(req.ip)
// => "127.0.0.1"

// GET /search?q=something
console.dir(req.originalUrl)
// => "/search?q=something"

// GET 'http://www.example.com/admin/new?sort=desc'
app.use('/admin', (req, res, next) => {
  console.dir(req.originalUrl) // '/admin/new?sort=desc'
  console.dir(req.baseUrl) // '/admin'
  console.dir(req.path) // '/new'
  next()
})

// GET /user/tj
console.dir(req.params.name)
// => "tj"

app.use(/^\/file\/(.*)$/, (req, res) => {
  // GET /file/javascripts/jquery.js
  console.dir(req.params[0])
  // => "javascripts/jquery.js"
})

// example.com/users?sort=desc
console.dir(req.path)
// => "/users"

console.dir(req.protocol)
// => "http"

const qs = require('qs')
app.set('query parser',
  (str) => qs.parse(str, { /* custom options */ }))

app.get('/user/{:id}', (req, res) => {
  console.dir(req.route, { depth: null })
  res.send('GET')
})

req.protocol === 'https'

// Cookie: user=tobi.CP7AWaXDfAKIRfH49dQzKJx7sKzzSoPq7/AcBBRVwlI3
console.dir(req.signedCookies.user)
// => "tobi"

console.dir(req.stale)
// => true

// Host: "tobi.ferrets.example.com"
console.dir(req.subdomains)
// => ["ferrets", "tobi"]

console.dir(req.xhr)
// => true

// Accept: text/html
req.accepts('html')
// => "html"

// Accept: text/*, application/json
req.accepts('html')
// => "html"
req.accepts('text/html')
// => "text/html"
req.accepts(['json', 'text'])
// => "json"
req.accepts('application/json')
// => "application/json"

// Accept: text/*, application/json
req.accepts('image/png')
req.accepts('png')
// => false

// Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
req.accepts(['html', 'json'])
// => "json"

req.get('Content-Type')
// => "text/plain"

req.get('content-type')
// => "text/plain"

req.get('Something')
// => undefined

// With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
req.is('html') // => 'html'
req.is('text/html') // => 'text/html'
req.is('text/*') // => 'text/*'

// When Content-Type is application/json
req.is('json') // => 'json'
req.is('application/json') // => 'application/json'
req.is('application/*') // => 'application/*'

req.is('html')
// => false

// parse header from request
const range = req.range(1000)

// the type of the range
if (range.type === 'bytes') {
  // the ranges
  range.forEach((r) => {
    // do something with r.start and r.end
  })
}

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  console.log(res.headersSent) // false
  res.send('OK')
  console.log(res.headersSent) // true
})

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  // Make `user` and `authenticated` available in templates
  res.locals.user = req.user
  res.locals.authenticated = !req.user.anonymous
  next()
})

res.append('Link', ['<http://localhost/>', '<http://localhost:3000/>'])
res.append('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar; Path=/; HttpOnly')
res.append('Warning', '199 Miscellaneous warning')

res.attachment()
// Content-Disposition: attachment

res.attachment('path/to/logo.png')
// Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="logo.png"
// Content-Type: image/png

res.cookie('name', 'tobi', { domain: '.example.com', path: '/admin', secure: true })
res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { expires: new Date(Date.now() + 900000), httpOnly: true })

res
  .status(201)
  .cookie('access_token', `Bearer ${token}`, {
    expires: new Date(Date.now() + 8 * 3600000) // cookie will be removed after 8 hours
  })
  .cookie('test', 'test')
  .redirect(301, '/admin')

// Default encoding
res.cookie('some_cross_domain_cookie', 'http://mysubdomain.example.com', { domain: 'example.com' })
// Result: 'some_cross_domain_cookie=http%3A%2F%2Fmysubdomain.example.com; Domain=example.com; Path=/'

// Custom encoding
res.cookie('some_cross_domain_cookie', 'http://mysubdomain.example.com', { domain: 'example.com', encode: String })
// Result: 'some_cross_domain_cookie=http://mysubdomain.example.com; Domain=example.com; Path=/;'

res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { maxAge: 900000, httpOnly: true })

res.cookie('cart', { items: [1, 2, 3] })
res.cookie('cart', { items: [1, 2, 3] }, { maxAge: 900000 })

res.cookie('name', 'tobi', { signed: true })

res.cookie('name', 'tobi', { path: '/admin' })
res.clearCookie('name', { path: '/admin' })

res.download('/report-12345.pdf')

res.download('/report-12345.pdf', 'report.pdf')

res.download('/report-12345.pdf', 'report.pdf', (err) => {
  if (err) {
    // Handle error, but keep in mind the response may be partially-sent
    // so check res.headersSent
  } else {
    // decrement a download credit, etc.
  }
})

res.end()
res.status(404).end()

res.format({
  'text/plain' () {
    res.send('hey')
  },

  'text/html' () {
    res.send('<p>hey</p>')
  },

  'application/json' () {
    res.send({ message: 'hey' })
  },

  default () {
    // log the request and respond with 406
    res.status(406).send('Not Acceptable')
  }
})

res.format({
  text () {
    res.send('hey')
  },

  html () {
    res.send('<p>hey</p>')
  },

  json () {
    res.send({ message: 'hey' })
  }
})

res.get('Content-Type')
// => "text/plain"

res.json(null)
res.json({ user: 'tobi' })
res.status(500).json({ error: 'message' })

res.jsonp(null)
// => callback(null)

res.jsonp({ user: 'tobi' })
// => callback({ "user": "tobi" })

res.status(500).jsonp({ error: 'message' })
// => callback({ "error": "message" })

// ?callback=foo
res.jsonp({ user: 'tobi' })
// => foo({ "user": "tobi" })

app.set('jsonp callback name', 'cb')

// ?cb=foo
res.status(500).jsonp({ error: 'message' })
// => foo({ "error": "message" })

res.links({
  next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
  last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
})

res.location('/foo/bar')
res.location('http://example.com')

res.redirect('/foo/bar')
res.redirect('http://example.com')
res.redirect(301, 'http://example.com')
res.redirect('../login')

res.redirect('http://google.com')

res.redirect('/admin')

res.redirect('post/new')

res.redirect('..')

// send the rendered view to the client
res.render('index')

// if a callback is specified, the rendered HTML string has to be sent explicitly
res.render('index', (err, html) => {
  res.send(html)
})

// pass a local variable to the view
res.render('user', { name: 'Tobi' }, (err, html) => {
  // ...
})

res.send(Buffer.from('whoop'))
res.send({ some: 'json' })
res.send('<p>some html</p>')
res.status(404).send('Sorry, we cannot find that!')
res.status(500).send({ error: 'something blew up' })

res.set('Content-Type', 'text/html')
res.send(Buffer.from('<p>some html</p>'))

res.send('<p>some html</p>')

res.send({ user: 'tobi' })
res.send([1, 2, 3])

app.get('/file/:name', (req, res, next) => {
  const options = {
    root: path.join(__dirname, 'public'),
    dotfiles: 'deny',
    headers: {
      'x-timestamp': Date.now(),
      'x-sent': true
    }
  }

  const fileName = req.params.name
  res.sendFile(fileName, options, (err) => {
    if (err) {
      next(err)
    } else {
      console.log('Sent:', fileName)
    }
  })
})

app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', (req, res) => {
  const uid = req.params.uid
  const file = req.params.file

  req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, (yes) => {
    if (yes) {
      res.sendFile(`/uploads/${uid}/${file}`)
    } else {
      res.status(403).send("Sorry! You can't see that.")
    }
  })
})

res.sendStatus(404)

res.set('Content-Type', 'text/plain')

res.set({
  'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
  'Content-Length': '123',
  ETag: '12345'
})

res.status(403).end()
res.status(400).send('Bad Request')
res.status(404).sendFile('/absolute/path/to/404.png')

res.type('.html') // => 'text/html'
res.type('html') // => 'text/html'
res.type('json') // => 'application/json'
res.type('application/json') // => 'application/json'
res.type('png') // => image/png:

res.vary('User-Agent').render('docs')

// invoked for any requests passed to this router
router.use((req, res, next) => {
  // .. some logic here .. like any other middleware
  next()
})

// will handle any request that ends in /events
// depends on where the router is "use()'d"
router.get('/events', (req, res, next) => {
  // ..
})

// only requests to /calendar/* will be sent to our "router"
app.use('/calendar', router)

router.all('{*splat}', requireAuthentication, loadUser)

router.all('{*splat}', requireAuthentication)
router.all('{*splat}', loadUser)

router.all('/api/{*splat}', requireAuthentication)

router.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('hello world')
})

router.get(/^\/commits\/(\w+)(?:\.\.(\w+))?$/, (req, res) => {
  const from = req.params[0]
  const to = req.params[1] || 'HEAD'
  res.send(`commit range ${from}..${to}`)
})

function fn (req, res, next) {
  console.log('I come here')
  next('router')
}
router.get('/foo', fn, (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('I dont come here')
})
router.get('/foo', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('I dont come here')
})
app.get('/foo', (req, res) => {
  console.log(' I come here too')
  res.end('good')
})

router.param('user', (req, res, next, id) => {
  // try to get the user details from the User model and attach it to the request object
  User.find(id, (err, user) => {
    if (err) {
      next(err)
    } else if (user) {
      req.user = user
      next()
    } else {
      next(new Error('failed to load user'))
    }
  })
})

router.param('id', (req, res, next, id) => {
  console.log('CALLED ONLY ONCE')
  next()
})

router.get('/user/:id', (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('although this matches')
  next()
})

router.get('/user/:id', (req, res) => {
  console.log('and this matches too')
  res.end()
})

const router = express.Router()

router.param('user_id', (req, res, next, id) => {
  // sample user, would actually fetch from DB, etc...
  req.user = {
    id,
    name: 'TJ'
  }
  next()
})

router.route('/users/:user_id')
  .all((req, res, next) => {
  // runs for all HTTP verbs first
  // think of it as route specific middleware!
    next()
  })
  .get((req, res, next) => {
    res.json(req.user)
  })
  .put((req, res, next) => {
  // just an example of maybe updating the user
    req.user.name = req.params.name
    // save user ... etc
    res.json(req.user)
  })
  .post((req, res, next) => {
    next(new Error('not implemented'))
  })
  .delete((req, res, next) => {
    next(new Error('not implemented'))
  })

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const router = express.Router()

// simple logger for this router's requests
// all requests to this router will first hit this middleware
router.use((req, res, next) => {
  console.log('%s %s %s', req.method, req.url, req.path)
  next()
})

// this will only be invoked if the path starts with /bar from the mount point
router.use('/bar', (req, res, next) => {
  // ... maybe some additional /bar logging ...
  next()
})

// always invoked
router.use((req, res, next) => {
  res.send('Hello World')
})

app.use('/foo', router)

app.listen(3000)

const logger = require('morgan')

router.use(logger())
router.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
router.use((req, res) => {
  res.send('Hello')
})

router.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
router.use(logger())
router.use((req, res) => {
  res.send('Hello')
})

app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'files')))
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'uploads')))

const authRouter = express.Router()
const openRouter = express.Router()

authRouter.use(require('./authenticate').basic(usersdb))

authRouter.get('/:user_id/edit', (req, res, next) => {
  // ... Edit user UI ...
})
openRouter.get('/', (req, res, next) => {
  // ... List users ...
})
openRouter.get('/:user_id', (req, res, next) => {
  // ... View user ...
})

app.use('/users', authRouter)
app.use('/users', openRouter)